How Our Petcoke Analysis Works
Typical analyses of fuel grade petroleum coke are similar to that of coal and either presented in the form of a proximate analysis (moisture, ash volatile matter and fixed carbon) or as an ultimate analysis (ash, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur). Trace metal components are dependent upon the grade of crude oil from which the petcoke was produced and are also regularly determined depending upon its intended use. Physical properties such as particle size, density, Hardgrove Grindablity Index, and approximate shot content are also determined.
McCreath Laboratories will send trained, experienced technicians who are experts in the petcoke industry to take a represented sample for you. Whether stored in stationary stockpiles or in process of transport or loading on board barges or vessels, our technicians have the training, tools and experience to collect a representative sample according to the applicable ASTM standards, ensuring that all subsequent laboratory testing is accurate and reliable. With our mobile crushing units, petroleum coke can be partially processed on site, increasing efficiency, maintaining sample integrity and reducing the amount of material taken off-site.
Contact UsPetroleum Coke Verification Services
Petroleum Coke, or petcoke as it is sometimes commonly referred to, is a byproduct created in the refining process of heavy crude oil. During the distillation of the crude into the many various fractions and products (gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, naphtha, lubricants, waxes, etc.), components of the crude known as bitumens which contain a higher number of carbon atoms than regular oil are left over as the final by-product residue. This residue is further processed by modern refineries in thermal cokers to extract additional gas and oil products with the final product being a carbon-rich solid material that we refer to as a coke.
Petroleum coke can be used in many different modern industrial applications depending upon the specific the type of coke produced and specific coking process employed to produce it. The majority of petcoke produced in the U.S. is exported to foreign countries for use in power stations or cement kilns.
Most of the petcoke produced in modern refineries is referred to as green petroleum coke, which can be in the form of sponge coke (or delayed coke) produced from what is called a delayed coking unit, or fluid petcoke which is produced in a fluid coking unit. Both coking units rely on holding the residue at increased temperatures and pressure to further drive off volatile components of the residual crude until the thermal cracking process is completed and only the solid coke remains.
What Is Petcoke Used For?
The uses of petcoke vary. However, the majority of the global petcoke supply is used for fuel. It is typically low-grade, containing high levels of heavy metals and sulfur. High-grade petcoke — which is low in heavy metals and sulfur — can be used to make electrodes for the aluminum and steel industry.
Most of the petcoke produced in the U.S. is exported to China and other foreign countries to supply coal-fired power stations.
Why Test Petcoke?
Petcoke can contain high levels of sulfur and metals, which may damage refining equipment and the environment. The high sulfur and metal content can also reduce petcoke’s usefulness in certain applications, decreasing its value. Petcoke also has a high carbon content, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.
When you test your petcoke sample, you can determine the concentrations of sulfur and metals present, helping you evaluate how safe and useful it will be to your application and the environment.
Why Have a Third-Party Petcoke Analysis?
A third-party petcoke quality analysis is the best way to get unbiased results. Third-party testing labs like McCreath Laboratories don’t have any biased interest or investment in the results they produce. You’ll get an independent, reliable analysis that helps you protect your company and your investment.
At McCreath Laboratories, our International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 17025-accredited facilities have provided unbiased, third-party testing for over 140 years. We offer a suite of testing services using fully compliant ASTM standard methods, ensuring you’ll receive some of the most accurate, precise and reliable results in the industry.
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Learn MoreSponge Petroleum Coke Quality
Sponge petcoke produced from low grade crude oil contains higher levels of sulphur and heavy metals and is mainly used a solid fuel for power generation, cement kilns and other industrial applications. Fluid petcoke due to its high sulfur content and hardness is almost exclusively used as fuel. Depending upon the operational parameters of delayed coking units, some coke produced may be in the form of what is commonly known as shot coke; a spherical nonporous and glass-like coke form that is undesirable for most other applications other than as a fuel. Approximately 80% of the green petcoke produced globally is fuel grade.
Some sponge cokes produced from high grade crudes low in sulphur and heavy metals can be further heat treated in large rotary kilns in order to drive off additional volatile components in a process known as calcining. The resulting calcined petcoke can be used for a wide range of products such as anodes for aluminum and titanium production; production of titanium dioxide used in paints, coatings and colorings; carbon and graphite electrodes and products; the production of ammonia for the paper and fertilizer industries; production of brick and glass products, and as a source of additional carbon in the production of steel or as a partial substitute for coal in used blast furnaces.
Experts In Petroleum Coke
McCreath Laboratories will employ ASTM standard methods in the analysis of petroleum. The methods are continually verified through the use of certified reference materials and analyzed with the most up-to-date technology. A third-party petcoke verification from an accredited laboratory ensures the integrity of your sample while signaling to investors the quality of your material. Typical petroleum coke analysis performed are as follows:
Test | Instrument | Reference Method |
---|---|---|
Total Moisture | Air-Dry Oven | ASTM D4931 |
Ash Content | Muffle | ASTM D4422 |
Volatile Matter Content | Furnace | ASTM D6374 |
Sulfur Content | LECO SC832 | ASTM D4239 |
Calorific Value | LECO AC500 | ASTM D5865 |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen | LECO CHN828 | ASTM D5373 |
Chlorine | ISE | ASTM D4208 |
Fluorine | ISE | ASTM D3761 |
Mercury | LECO AMA254 | ASTM D6722 |
Minerals in Ash | WDXRF | ASTM D4326 |
Trace Elements | Thermo ICP-MS/ WDXRF | ASTM D6357 |
Hardgrove Grindability Index | Ball Mill | ASTM D5003 |
Bulk Density | Physical | ASTM D4292 |
Sieve Analysis | Physical | ASTM D5709 |
Shot Content | Physical | BP Shot Method |
For more information on the analysis of petroleum coke, contact us.